Pain syndrome in urology: features of classification and pathogenetic aspects

Plekhanova O.A., Pushkar D.Yu.

1) S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical and Research Center, Moscow, Russia; 2) Department of Urology, Rosbiotech University, Moscow, Russia; 3) Department of Urology, FGBOU VO “Russian University of Medicine”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Key aspects of pain syndrome in urology, including its classification, pathogenesis, and current treatment approaches, are discussed in the article. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of chronic pelvic pain, defined as persistent pain lasting at least three months, accompanied by dysfunction of the genitourinary system and emotional disorders.
The main pathogenetic mechanisms underlying pain syndrome determine its complex multisystem nature, which requires a comprehensive approach to both diagnosis and treatment. Various etiologies of urologic chronic pain syndrome are described. Particular emphasis is given on urological causes such as bacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Clinical phenotypes of IC/BPS are discussed, along with individualized treatment approaches for each phenotype. The impact of pain syndrome in bacterial cystitis on quality of life and the role of phenazopyridine in pain relief are also highlighted.
The importance of an interdisciplinary approach and the combination of different therapeutic methods to achieve good outcomes in the management of pain syndrome is emphasized.

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About the Authors

Corresponding author: O.A. Plekhanova – urologist, S.P. Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical and Research Center; Senior Lecturer, Department of Urology, Rosbiotech University, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: oll_e@mail.ru

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